|
Angami (also: Gnamei, Ngami, Tsoghami, Tsugumi, Monr, Tsanglo, Tenyidie) is an Angami–Pochuri language spoken in the Naga Hills in the northeastern part of India, in Kohima district, Nagaland. In 2001, there is an estimate of 125,000 first language (L1) Angami speakers.〔Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/〕 Under the UNESCO’s Language Vitality and Endangerment framework, Angami is at the level of "vulnerable", meaning that it is still spoken by most children, but "may be restricted to certain domains".〔Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Online version: http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas〕 There are several dialects, the most prominent being Khonoma (around Khonoma village), and Tenyidie Kohima (in the state capital of Kohima). Others include Dzüna, Kehena, Chakroma (Western Angami), Mima, Nali, Mozome. Tenyidie is the prestige dialect, used for publications and taught in the schools. ==Phonology== This description covers the Khonoma dialect, which is spoken by 4,000 people at the western extreme of Angami territory. Kohima dialect is reported to have five tones. Khonoma has four register tones: (with diacritics, ). The lower three are approximately equally spaced in pitch, while the topmost is more distant. Low tone may be accompanied by breathy voice, especially at the end of an utterance. Angami has six vowels, . Diphthongs occur, but are rare. Other dialects also contrast . only occurs as an allophone of . The velar fricative is in free variation with . The post-alveolar approximants are truly retroflex (sub-apical) before mid and low vowels, but laminal before high vowels (). Angami voiceless nasals are unusual in that, unlike the voiceless nasals of Burmese, they have a positive rather than negative voice onset time—that is, they are aspirated rather than partially voiced. The same is true of the laterals. In both cases, the aspiration has the formants characteristic of Angami ''h,'' which is somewhat velar in pronunciation. The other voiceless approximants may not be aspirated, as the h-like formants occur during the entire hold of the consonant. The labial and labialized consonants have labiodental affricate allophones before (but not in consonant clusters). In addition, about half the time, the rhotic becomes syllabic (a rhotic vowel) in this environment: Angami syllables may be of the form V, CV, or . Attested clusters are . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Angami language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|